Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
Once they lived here in their thousands, but now only a handful of Afrikaans-speaking Boers remain in the windswept Patagonian coastal town of Comodoro Rivadavia and its hinterland.
Between 1903 and 1909, up to 800 Boer families trekked by ship to this lonely spot on Argentina's east coast, about 1500km north of Tierra del Fuego.
They had suffered badly in the 1899-1902 South African War. Some had lost family members in Kitchener's infamous concentration camps; others had their farmhouses destroyed by British troops.
Most of the Boer men who shipped out to settle in South America, taking their wives and children with them, had fought in the war against Britain, the nation that had seized their former independent republics of Transvaal and Orange Free State. The Boers left because they had no desire to live under their conqueror's thumb.
They left because they had no desire to live under their conqueror's thumb. A century later, their numbers have dwindled. Recently a small group of Afrikaans-speaking Argentines, descendants of the first Boers to set foot in South America, assembled in the town to greet newly appointed South African ambassador Tony Leon.
The ambassador and his wife had travelled to Patagonia from the South African embassy in Buenos Aires, 1800 km to the north, to meet the Boer descendants.
Speaking at the event, Juan Kruger, born in Argentina in 1947, told Sapa: "Ek glo nie jy sal meer as 20 Afrikaans-sprekende mense kry in die land nie. [I don't believe you will find more than 20 Afrikaans-speaking people in the country]."
Kruger was referring to those, like him, whose grandparents had come over at the beginning of the last century and still speak Afrikaans as a first language.
It is a Patagonian paradox that the Afrikaners who helped turn Comodoro Rivadavia from a tiny settlement with few buildings into a large and noisy oil town, now number so few.
Local legend says it was Boers drilling for water who made the first oil strike, in a region that currently supplies a considerable portion of Argentina's fuel needs.
Days of hearing Afrikaans spoken in Patagonia appear to be drawing to a close. About a dozen Argentine Afrikaners, most in their fifties and sixties, gathered at a suburban house in Comodoro Rivadacia to speak to Leon. They served him tea and melktert, baked by Graciela Hammond, who learned the recipe from her mother, a Boer woman.
Leon told them the South African embassy stood ready to help them.
"If there is anything we can do for you, please let us know," he said. They handed him a commemorative book to sign. In it, he wrote: "Ek hoop dat hierdie gemeenskap, met sy erfenis en taal, sal in Argentinie oorleef [I hope that this community, and its heritage and language, will survive in Argentina]."
The surnames of those present at the event could be found in any South African telephone directory: De Lange, Botha, Kruger, Norval and Schlebusch, among others.
Danie Botha, 67, whose daughter is a pharmacist in Comodoro Rivadavia, told Leon his forefathers had come to Argentina to escape the British.
"You'll see no Afrikaners here who are well off. Other people who came here, such as the Portuguese and the Italians, they are wealthy. But the Afrikaners did not come here to make money, they came here to escape the English."
He said the Afrikaner community in Argentina, which in 1909 had numbered about 800 families - about three thousand people - had made a "groot fout [big mistake] in 1938, when many of its founders returned to South Africa, leaving their descendants behind.
"Some of us never knew our grandparents," he said.
Botha said he planned to visit South Africa for the first time in March next year.
Sarah de Lange, who farms sheep on a 10,000 hectare farm granted to her grandfather by the Argentine government a century ago, told Sapa she made biltong.
"Ek maak biltong van guanaco vleis [I make biltong from guanaco meat]," she said.
The guanaco is a type of llama, about the size of a small horse, which runs wild in the region.
De Lange said her biltong was quite different to beef biltong, but tasted good nonetheless.
Jan Schlebusch, who was at the event with his wife Martha (née Myburgh) and two of his three daughters, owns a sheep farm about 200 km inland from Comodoro Rivadavia.
Both daughters spoke Spanish, and neither understood more than a few words of Afrikaans, though Schlebusch said he was keen to have them visit South Africa.
He himself had done so in 1990.
Kruger said the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk in Comodoro Rivadavia had once had an Afrikaans dominee [minister], but he left in 1953, and a Spanish-speaking cleric had taken over.
This, he said, had been a big factor in the decline of the Afrikaans language in the region, because the children no longer needed to learn it in order to understand the preacher.
Afrikaans speakers used to gather each year in the Sierra Chaira mountains to hold Boere sports, but this too had ceased. There were too few Afrikaans-speakers left, Kruger explained.
Dante Botha, a cousin of Danie Botha, said the original Boers had come to Argentina "because of pride". His grandfather, who had fought with De Wet against the British, had been one of them.
Speaking in Spanish through an interpreter - unlike his cousin, Dante speaks no Afrikaans - he described the Argentine Afrikaners as "a very closed community".
An account by travel writer Bruce Chatwin of the Boer community around Sarmiento, inland from Comodoro Rivadavia, is at one with Botha's description.
"They lived in fear of the Lord, celebrated Dingaan's Day, and took oaths on the Dutch Reformed Bible. They did not marry outsiders and their daughters had to go to the kitchen if a Latin entered the house," Chatwin wrote in his 1975 book, In Patagonia.
According to a report in the Sunday Times ten years earlier, there was "more Afrikaans than Spanish" heard in the shops, bars and offices of Sarmiento.
Almost fifty years later, the days of hearing Afrikaans spoken in Patagonia appear to be drawing to a close.
Sixty-five year-old Carlo de Lange - whose father was a small boy when his grandparents arrived in Argentina in 1905, two years after British soldiers had burnt down their farmhouse - said he thought the Afrikaans language would soon become extinct in the region.
"Na my geslag is daar nie meer Afrikaans nie [After my generation there will be no more Afrikaans]," he said. - Sapa
Local legend says it was Boers drilling for water who made the first oil strike, in a region that currently supplies a considerable portion of Argentina's fuel needs.
Days of hearing Afrikaans spoken in Patagonia appear to be drawing to a close. About a dozen Argentine Afrikaners, most in their fifties and sixties, gathered at a suburban house in Comodoro Rivadacia to speak to Leon. They served him tea and melktert, baked by Graciela Hammond, who learned the recipe from her mother, a Boer woman.
Leon told them the South African embassy stood ready to help them.
"If there is anything we can do for you, please let us know," he said. They handed him a commemorative book to sign. In it, he wrote: "Ek hoop dat hierdie gemeenskap, met sy erfenis en taal, sal in Argentinie oorleef [I hope that this community, and its heritage and language, will survive in Argentina]."
The surnames of those present at the event could be found in any South African telephone directory: De Lange, Botha, Kruger, Norval and Schlebusch, among others.
Danie Botha, 67, whose daughter is a pharmacist in Comodoro Rivadavia, told Leon his forefathers had come to Argentina to escape the British.
"You'll see no Afrikaners here who are well off. Other people who came here, such as the Portuguese and the Italians, they are wealthy. But the Afrikaners did not come here to make money, they came here to escape the English."
He said the Afrikaner community in Argentina, which in 1909 had numbered about 800 families - about three thousand people - had made a "groot fout [big mistake] in 1938, when many of its founders returned to South Africa, leaving their descendants behind.
"Some of us never knew our grandparents," he said.
Botha said he planned to visit South Africa for the first time in March next year.
Sarah de Lange, who farms sheep on a 10,000 hectare farm granted to her grandfather by the Argentine government a century ago, told Sapa she made biltong.
"Ek maak biltong van guanaco vleis [I make biltong from guanaco meat]," she said.
The guanaco is a type of llama, about the size of a small horse, which runs wild in the region.
De Lange said her biltong was quite different to beef biltong, but tasted good nonetheless.
Jan Schlebusch, who was at the event with his wife Martha (née Myburgh) and two of his three daughters, owns a sheep farm about 200 km inland from Comodoro Rivadavia.
Both daughters spoke Spanish, and neither understood more than a few words of Afrikaans, though Schlebusch said he was keen to have them visit South Africa.
He himself had done so in 1990.
Kruger said the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk in Comodoro Rivadavia had once had an Afrikaans dominee [minister], but he left in 1953, and a Spanish-speaking cleric had taken over.
This, he said, had been a big factor in the decline of the Afrikaans language in the region, because the children no longer needed to learn it in order to understand the preacher.
Afrikaans speakers used to gather each year in the Sierra Chaira mountains to hold Boere sports, but this too had ceased. There were too few Afrikaans-speakers left, Kruger explained.
Dante Botha, a cousin of Danie Botha, said the original Boers had come to Argentina "because of pride". His grandfather, who had fought with De Wet against the British, had been one of them.
Speaking in Spanish through an interpreter - unlike his cousin, Dante speaks no Afrikaans - he described the Argentine Afrikaners as "a very closed community".
An account by travel writer Bruce Chatwin of the Boer community around Sarmiento, inland from Comodoro Rivadavia, is at one with Botha's description.
"They lived in fear of the Lord, celebrated Dingaan's Day, and took oaths on the Dutch Reformed Bible. They did not marry outsiders and their daughters had to go to the kitchen if a Latin entered the house," Chatwin wrote in his 1975 book, In Patagonia.
According to a report in the Sunday Times ten years earlier, there was "more Afrikaans than Spanish" heard in the shops, bars and offices of Sarmiento.
Almost fifty years later, the days of hearing Afrikaans spoken in Patagonia appear to be drawing to a close.
Sixty-five year-old Carlo de Lange - whose father was a small boy when his grandparents arrived in Argentina in 1905, two years after British soldiers had burnt down their farmhouse - said he thought the Afrikaans language would soon become extinct in the region.
"Na my geslag is daar nie meer Afrikaans nie [After my generation there will be no more Afrikaans]," he said. - Sapa